Metabolic Syndrome Is Linked to Cold Tolerance Genes
Posted on April 28, 2008
University of Chicago researchers have found that many of the gene variations which enabled humans to tolerate cold climates affect the susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (a cluster of related abnormalities including obesity, elevated cholesterol levels, heart disease, and diabetes).
Over100 years ago, scientists noted that humans inhabiting colder regions were stockier and had relatively shorter arms and legs. More recently, researchers found correlations between colder climates and increased body mass index which is an indicator of body fat.
Scientists have discovered a strong link between climate and several gene variations that influence the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. This suggests that these gene variations (in energy metabolism genes) played a role in adapting to life in the cold regions of the world. Some genes associated with cold adaptation have a beneficial or protective effect against disease, while others genes increase disease risk.
The earliest human ancestors survived in a hot climate that required them to disperse heat. When populations migrated from Africa to much colder climates they experienced genetic pressure to adapt to their new colder environment by increasing the metabolic processes that create and retain heat.
In the modern era (with widespread central heating with an overabundant food supply) those genetic changes have become a problem for those who possess them. Many of the gene changes increase chances of developing diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease.
82 genes associated with energy metabolism were examined and were found to vary with the climate conditions experienced by different populations. Some genes are associated with more body fat accumulation (to help retain body heat) and have an adverse effect on the patient. Other genes for energy metabolism are beneficial by increasing the rate of energy burn (to warm the person in a cold climate) and contribute to weight loss by using up calories.
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